Reading chapter 3, Sonja Foss, outlines four weaknesses of the neo-Aristotelian method of rhetorical criticism. She writes that this method assumes that the primary role of a rhetorical critic is that of a teacher or practitioner, this method overemphasizes the importance of the immediate, short-term effects of the selected artifact, this method overemphasizes the importance of rational appeals, and this method encourages an overly mechanical approach to criticism, in which critical concepts are applied indiscriminately to all rhetorical artifacts in cookie-cutter fashion. From analyzing Forbes Hill’s essay “Conventional Wisdom—Traditional Form: The President’s Message of November 3, 1969,” which neo-aristotelian Criticism can be found here. The first weaknesses of the neo-Aristotelian method of rhetorical criticism is that the method assumes that the primary role of a rhetorical critic is a teacher or practitioner. In his essay, Hills explains how Nixon evokes the intended response from the immediate audience by gaining support for the war. Nixon states in his speech, “tonight-to you, the great silent majority of my fellow Americans-I ask for your support.” Here, Nixon uses resentment in sacrifice in lives and finance, longing for some action in a marked direction were strategies used to gain support instead of “teaching.” This in turn allowed America to continue in the war which proves that he agrees with Foss for Nixon’s primary role was not that of a teacher or

Rhetorical Criticism Foss
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Constructing this bibliography was different from my previous experiences with annotated bibliographies because of the types of texts I was consciously trying to locate. I was looking for foundation/historical texts, “how-to” texts, and texts with multiple approaches to rhetorical analysis. In order to locate these types of texts I first began with database searches in JSTOR and ProQuestCentral, and I then moved to search specific online journals (CCC, Rhetoric Review, RSQ). Using google scholar I looked up the texts that caught my interest in the databases and journals to see if and how often they were cited. If these texts were books I also look them up on Amazon.com to view their tables of contents.

Rhetorical Criticism -Method being used for Artifact Analysis Since the “I Have a Dream Speech” is marked as one of the most influential speeches of all time, and is a key artifact in the Civil Rights era, it is safe to say that this speech is a part of the United States of America’s story.
Title Rhetorical criticism: exploration and practice / Sonja K.
Excellent treatment and insightful overview of rhetorical criticism. In this book Foss surveys various methods of criticism (such as metaphor, style, cluster, genre, and ideological criticism), providing a readable techne for both experienced and inexperienced rhetoricians. Clear and insightful content, useful examples and illustrations.

My anchor text(s) in this bibliography is Sonja Foss’s Rhetorical Criticism: Exploration and Practice. This text is on the course syllabus, and since the professor commented that we would be silly not to use valuable sources on the reading list I consider this anchor text to have been located via word of mouth. My foundational text, Rhetorical Criticism (1965),by Edwin Black was first noticed when I was scanning bibliographies and saw that he was repeatedly cited. Using a cited reference search I established that Black’s text is the foundational text for rhetorical criticism in the field of rhetoric and composition. The more current, discussion texts such as “Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Rhetorical Criticism” were located through searching in bibliographies.

After completing my research I reviewed Geisler’s article and my research followed her recommended process. Also, most confusing aspect of this research was establishing the difference between rhetorical analysis and rhetorical criticism. To be sure, it is still unclear, to me, as to whether there is any concrete difference between the two terms; however, I feel confident about discussing the how various scholars have used these terms for their own purposes. Finally, the majority of texts on rhetorical criticism are written in the 1970s-80s and greatly taper off in the 1990s. There is the symposium on rhetorical criticism that appeared in Rhetoric Review in 2006, but there has been little discussion of rhetorical criticism since then.

Bazerman, Charles, and Paul A. Prior. “Introduction.” What Writing Does and How It Does It: An Introduction to Analyzing Texts and Textual Practices. Ed. Bazerman and Prior. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2004. 1-10. Print.

In her book, Rhetorical Criticism: Exploration and Practice, Sondra K. Foss from the University of Colorado at Denver argues as a rhetorical critic that Hussein’s speech was effective in meeting its goal. “Although many Arab nations did not go to the aid of Iraq, Hussein was successful in obtaining some sympathy from Muslim nations as well. The Nature of Rhetorical Criticism 7 they do. We tend to respond to these symbols by saying 'I like it' or iII don't like it./I The process of rhetorical criticism involves engaging in this natural process in a more conscious, systematic, and focused way. Through the study and practice of rhetorical criticism, we can under.

In the introduction to What Writing Does and How It Does It, editors Charles Bazerman and Paul Prior explain that the uniqueness of this volume is that it is a collection of 11 different disciplinary perspectives and approaches to textual analysis. These multidisciplinary approaches allow the reader to have a well-rounded understanding of how textual analysis can be conducted as well as an understanding that there are conflicts of opinion across various disciplines on how to conduct textual analysis. The volume includes a specific chapter delineating rhetorical analysis focusing specifically on the method of analysis as well as the process of production of texts. I site the introduction because I have not had a chance to look through the entire book; however, the introduction provided important information such as the type of language and vocabulary necessary to discuss and understand textual criticism. Specifically within the field of rhetorical and composition, rhetorical analysis and rhetorical criticism are one in the same. A rhetorical analysis of textual features of a text is a specific approach to rhetorical analysis as well as a type of textual analysis. I find it helpful to have these distinctions clearly marked. This book is quite useful in terms of providing a varied overview of textual analysis. This text was first located in the JSTOR database. I then searched the E-journal ProQuest Central for reviews and checked various online bibliographies that I often reference to see if it was sited.

deWinter, Jennifer. “A Bibliographic Synthesis of Rhetorical Criticism.” Rhetoric Review 25.4 (2006): 388-407. Print.

deWinter’s markedly notes that the theorizing of rhetorical criticism has occurred most often with the field of speech communication. Her article is an effort to theorize and synthesize discussions about rhetorical criticism for the field of rhetoric and composition. deWinter focuses primarily on definitions, general methodology, and objects of rhetorical criticism. To that end, she differentiates between rhetorical criticism and rhetorical analysis. She also provides brief summaries of four textbooks on rhetorical criticism. Sonja Foss’s book (annotated here in this bibliography) is included in this short list. I chose this article because it is an excellent supplement to the symposium discussion on rhetorical criticism and methodology an issue of Rhetoric Review. Also, this is the only text that I have come across, in my limited and brief search that actually synthesizes rhetorical criticism for rhetoric and composition. As deWinter notes, many of the texts on rhetorical criticism come out of speech communication. Because of the nature of deWinter’s project, this article is a discussion text that bridges research in speech communication and rhetoric and composition. I located this text by going directly to Rhetoric Review and running a search with the terms “rhetorical criticism” and “rhetorical analysis.”

Campbell, Karlyn Kohrs. “Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Rhetorical Criticism: Cultural Challenges to Rhetorical Criticism.” Rhetoric Review 25.4 (2006): 357-358.

Kohrs Campbell discusses

Rhetorical Criticism Foss